Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Colonoscopy & Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer, but it’s highly treatable when found early. A colonoscopy can even prevent cancer by finding and removing polyps before they have a chance to become cancerous.
During a colonoscopy, your gastroenterologist uses a thin, flexible scope with a small camera to examine your large intestine (colon) and rectum. They look for changes such as swollen or irritated tissue, polyps or cancer. This is an outpatient procedure, so you won’t need to stay overnight in the hospital. The exam usually takes 15 to 30 minutes, and you’ll receive anesthesia to keep you comfortable. Plan to be at the center for about 90 minutes to two hours in total.
Who Should Be Screened?
Most adults at average risk should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. You may need to start earlier or be screened more often if you have:
- A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- A personal history of polyps or colorectal cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- An inherited condition linked to colorectal cancer, such as Lynch syndrome
Talk with your provider about when to start and which screening option is right for you.
What Happens After a Colonoscopy?
After your colonoscopy, our nursing staff will monitor you as you recover. You may feel some cramping or gassiness, but this usually passes quickly. Before you leave, your gastroenterologist will review your discharge instructions with you, and you’ll receive a printed copy of your results. Once you’re home, you can return to your normal diet and medications.
Prepare for Your Colonoscopy
Your colon needs to be empty and clean so your doctor can see the entire lining during your exam. Your provider will tell you which prep to use. Select yours below for step-by-step instructions.
Common Questions About Your Colonoscopy
Preparing for a colonoscopy can bring up a lot of questions. Here are answers to the ones we hear most often. If you have questions about your prep or medications, our Endoscopy Navigator is happy to help.
What can I eat and drink before my colonoscopy?
Several days before your procedure, you’ll switch to a low-fiber diet and avoid foods like nuts, seeds, corn, popcorn, beans and whole grains. The day before, you’ll have clear liquids only, such as water, broth, apple or white grape juice, sports drinks, gelatin and coffee or tea without milk or cream. Avoid anything with red or purple coloring. Your prep instructions will tell you exactly when to start each step.
Should I stop taking any of my medications?
Some medications need to be paused before your colonoscopy, including blood thinners, iron supplements and pain relievers such as ibuprofen, Advil or Aleve. If you have diabetes or take a GLP-1 medication such as Ozempic, talk with the doctor who prescribes it about any changes. Your prep instructions list what to stop and when, and our Endoscopy Navigator will call before your procedure to review your medications.
Why do I need two doses of prep, and do I have to finish it all?
Your body keeps producing digestive fluids even when you’re not eating, so the second dose clears out anything that’s built up overnight. Finishing every dose gives your doctor the clearest view of your colon and lowers the chance you’ll need to reschedule. Prep isn’t the most pleasant part of the process, but it’s one of the most important.
What should I do if my prep makes me nauseous?
Try drinking it more slowly over a longer period of time. Chilling the prep in the refrigerator or drinking it through a straw may also help. It’s okay to take a short break to let your stomach settle. If you vomit and can’t keep the prep down, call our Endoscopy Navigator for guidance.
How will I know if my prep is working?
When your prep is working, your bowel movements will be liquid and clear yellow, similar to the color of tea. Finish all of your prep, even if your stool looks clear before you’re done. If your bowel movements are still solid or brown on the morning of your procedure, call our Endoscopy Navigator.
When do I need to stop eating and drinking?
Your prep instructions will tell you exactly when to stop eating and drinking on the day of your procedure. An empty stomach is important for your safety, since it lowers the risk of vomiting or breathing saliva into your lungs while you’re sedated. Avoid gum and mints, and stop using tobacco products, including vapes, six hours before your appointment.
Why do I need a ride home and someone to stay with me?
The sedation used during a colonoscopy can affect your judgment and coordination. You’ll need an adult to drive you home, and they must stay at the clinic the entire time you’re there, or your procedure will be rescheduled for your safety. Don’t drive, operate machinery or make legal decisions until the day after your procedure.
What should I bring to my appointment?
Bring a valid photo ID, your insurance card, your co-pay, a list of your current medications and your signed patient rights form. Your driver will need to come with you and stay for your entire visit.